Desafío bajo cero: dos helicópteros del Irízar para abastecer a las 13 bases antárticas
Ocho pilotos, un oficial técnico y diecisiete mecánicos trabajan a bordo del rompehielos Almirante Irízar para que los helicópteros que operan desde ese buque vuelen unas 250 horas en promedio cada verano en el abastecimiento de las bases que Argentina administra en su territorio en ese continente.
Ocho pilotos, un oficial técnico y diecisiete mecánicos trabajan a bordo del rompehielos Almirante Irízar a lo largo de la actual Campaña Antártica de Verano para que los dos helicópteros que operan desde ese buque vuelen unas 250 horas en promedio cada verano en el abastecimiento de las trece bases que Argentina administra en su territorio en ese continente.
Durante la primera quincena de febrero las dos unidades de la Segunda Escuadrilla Aeronaval de Helicópteros de la Armada Argentina (EAH2) embarcadas en el Irízar fueron fundamentales para abastecer la base Belgrano II, emplazamiento argentino más cercano al Polo Sur y al que sólo se puede acceder por aire.
Para esa misión, los 26 integrantes de la unidad debieron organizarse para completar en apenas seis días, 170 vuelos de unos 25 kilómetros de distancia entre el rompehielos y la base bajo las duras condiciones meteorológicas antárticas y con cargas de dos toneladas pendiendo debajo del fuselaje de sus aeronaves.
El comandante de la unidad, capitán de corbeta Juan Antonio Prados, afirmó en diálogo con Télam que «a diferencia de los helicópteros basados en tierra, los navales, como los SeaKing que nosotros operamos, tienen la posibilidad de anavizar (una suerte de aterrizaje) en la cubierta de vuelo de un buque gracias a sus trenes de aterrizaje reforzados y de ser ‘hangarados’ (sic) dentro del buque porque pueden plegar sus palas, además de poseer un sistema de flotación que permite el amerizaje ante una situación de emergencia».
«Esta escuadrilla en particular tiene mucha experiencia antártica porque siempre acompañó al Irízar en cada una de sus campañas hasta el incendio de 2007; cuando el rompehielos regresó al servicio en 2017 volvimos junto a él y para nosotros es una tarea de todo el año porque implica preparar toda la logística previa que nos asegure tener a dos helicópteros listos para volar unas 250 horas en promedio cada verano en la Antártida», apuntó.
Prados señaló que «para esta tarea también nos preparamos haciendo un adiestramiento pre antártico que implica el vuelo en montaña y nieve, estudiando la geografía y la meteorología particular de cada una de las trece bases antárticas de nuestro país; la más complicada para operar es Belgrano II porque el rompehielos queda a unos 25 kilómetros de distancia lo que obliga a que todas las operaciones se hagan por aire en condiciones en las que hay que estar muy atentos a las posibles complicaciones».
«En la Antártida la meteorología es muy cambiante por lo que una de las medidas de seguridad que adoptamos es no despegar del rompehielos si no tenemos contacto visual con el punto de destino; en esas latitudes es muy peligroso el fenómeno de ‘emblanquecimiento’, en el que se pierde la sensación de profundidad y producto del ‘blanco’ se confunde el cielo con la nieve, produciendo que los pilotos entren en desorientación», advirtió.
El militar mencionó que «aunque los SeaKing están diseñados para llevar hasta 2.700 kilos en la Antártida operamos con cargas de unas dos toneladas en promedio. De todos modos, por su volumen algunas pueden afectar las condiciones aerodinámicas del vuelo y si eso pone en riesgo la operación de la aeronave, existe la alternativa de accionar el sistema de eyección de carga para estabilizar el helicóptero».
«Para preparar y ejecutar los vuelos contamos con el apoyo del Irízar, que está muy bien preparado y dispone de una sección de meteorología muy bien equipada con acceso a imágenes satelitales y personal muy capacitado para hacer nuestros propios pronósticos además de conocer muy bien las particularidades de la meteorología antártica», resaltó.
«Las dos bases en las que los helicópteros son más requeridos son Belgrano II por la distancia a la que queda el rompehielos y Marambio porque la altura de la isla dificulta el desembarco de carga en sus costas, además estamos disponibles para todas las tareas que nos designe el Comando Conjunto Antártico», señaló Prados.
Y completó: «Cada campaña antártica es un trabajo conjunto y en equipo en el que cada unidad aporta su grano de arena para abastecer a las bases y permitirles afrontar el invierno».
Este año, un piloto de la Armada de Alemania se sumó a la unidad para volar como copiloto durante la primera etapa de la campaña y luego regresará a su país.
Los SeaKing llevan en cada vuelo una tripulación de dos pilotos, un mecánico y un ayudante de mecánico, y durante el año tienen su asiento en la Base Aeronaval Comandante Espora del partido bonaerense de Bahía Blanca.
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