Censo digital 2022: todo lo que hay que saber para completar las preguntas
Los censistas recorrerán más de 15 millones de viviendas y se estima contabilizar más de 45 millones de personas en todo el país.
esde el próximo miércoles 16 de marzo se podrá completar el cuestionario digital del Censo 2022 y habrá tiempo hasta el 18 de mayo, día en que se hará el tradicional relevamiento casa por casa para realizar la encuesta en forma presencial o pedir el comprobante de finalización a quienes la hayan completado a través de cualquier dispositivo electrónico con acceso a internet.
El Censo Nacional de Población, Hogares y Vivienda por primera vez en la historia tendrá una modalidad mixta que combinará una etapa virtual con cuestionario digital para contestar de forma anticipada y una instancia presencial, donde los censistas recorrerán más de 15 millones de viviendas y se estima contabilizar más de 45 millones de personas en todo el país.
Desde el próximo miércoles, quienes quieran censarse de modo anticipado podrán hacerlo a través del cuestionario digital que dispondrá el Indec, al que se podrá acceder desde un móvil, computadora u otro tipo de dispositivo electrónico y cuyo comprobante de realización deberá mostrarse al censista que concurra al domicilio el 18 de mayo, cuando se realice el registro estadístico de modo presencial en simultáneo en todo el país.
El objetivo del Censo Digital es ahorrar tiempo a la población y a los censistas, al tiempo que las innovaciones metodológicas y tecnológicas permitirán obtener «una foto más exacta» de la población, informaron desde el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (Indec).
Qué datos se pedirán en el Censo
Las personas que completen el formulario de manera virtual en el sitio oficial https://censo.gob.ar recibirán en su casilla de correo electrónico un comprobante con un código alfanumérico de seis dígitos que deberá ser presentado el próximo 18 de mayo, decretado feriado nacional.
El cuestionario online deberá ser respondido por una persona en nombre de todos los habitantes de la vivienda, por lo que se recomienda «congregar a todo el conjunto familiar» al momento de completar los datos para que se cumpla el objetivo de «contar, sin omitir ni duplicar, a todas y a cada una de las personas», explicó el Indec.
En esta edición que fue aplazada dos años por la pandemia del coronavirus, el formulario está compuesto por 61 preguntas, 24 relacionadas con las características de las viviendas y los hogares, y 37 sobre la estructura de la población.
Con eje en el reconocimiento de la diversidad de la población argentina, se incorporó una pregunta sobre la autopercepción de identidad de género y se amplió el alcance de la pregunta sobre autorreconocimiento étnico (pueblos indígenas y afrodescendientes) a toda la población.
Sobre sexo e identidad de género, se consultará a todas las personas el sexo registrado al nacer (incluyendo la categoría «X») y cómo se considera/autopercibe («mujer», «mujer trans/travesti», «varón», «varón trans/masculinidad trans», «no binario», «otra identidad/ninguna de las anteriores»).
En cuanto al autorreconocimiento étnico, se interrogará a toda la población si se reconocen indígenas o descendientes de pueblos indígenas u originarios, aclarando el pueblo y, además, si habla y/o entiende la lengua de ese pueblo declarado.
Bajo el lema «Reconocernos», estas nuevas variables se sumarán a las consultas básicas sobre educación, migración, ocupación, cobertura de salud, situación del hogar y la vivienda.
El formulario incluirá además una pregunta sobre discapacidad, la cual abordará, por ejemplo, si alguna persona del núcleo familiar tiene dificultad para «caminar o subir escaleras» o para «recordar o concentrarse». Esta información, consignó el Indec, servirá para construir encuestas específicas a futuro.
El director ejecutivo del organismo, Marco Lavagna, subrayó en las últimas semanas que el Censo Nacional constituye una herramienta «vital para la toma de decisiones de políticas públicas y privadas».
«No es solo contar personas sino que es mostrarnos cuáles son nuestras deficiencias, nuestras diversidades culturales, cuáles son nuestras virtudes y potencialidades», destacó.
Otra de las particularidades de esta edición es que por primera vez se hará un censo de derecho, donde las personas serán registradas según su lugar de residencia habitual, lo que reemplazará a la tradicional modalidad «de hecho» que las contabilizaba según el lugar en el que habían pasado la noche anterior al día del censo.
Asimismo, el operativo contará con un sistema de gestión que permitirá monitorear los avances a través de los censistas que enviarán información con una aplicación móvil.
Con la incorporación de las herramientas digitales se permitirá ahorrar insumos en papel, de «manera significativa» y el ahorro será de entre el «10 y el 15% por las características de este operativo con cuestionario único y bimodal».
«Lo que buscamos con lo digital, que es una de las grandes innovaciones que tiene el censo, es poder darle a la población más herramientas para que pueda participar, para que, en definitiva, pueda ejercer su derecho a ser reconocido«, manifestó Lavagna.
Censo casa por casa
El día del censo participarán más de 600.000 personas, entre censistas urbanos y rurales, coordinadores nacionales y provinciales y otros puestos que integran la estructura censal, que serán capacitados a través de un campus virtual desarrollado íntegramente por el Indec.
En la convocatoria de voluntarios, más de 250.000 personas se preinscribieron para ser censistas y en abril recibirán la confirmación oficial quienes hayan sido seleccionados por los equipos de cada dirección provincial de estadística.
Respecto a la información obtenida durante el censo, se garantizará su resguardo mediante «un estricto protocolo de seguridad informática», y será almacenada en los servidores de Arsat bajo «técnicas de anonimización, encriptación y gobernanza de los datos», según la Ley 17.622, el Decreto 3.110/70 y la Resolución del Indec 181/2020, se indica en la página web oficial del censo.
Ante la circulación de información falsa, el Indec aclaró que en el cuestionario no se preguntará el DNI ni el apellido de las personas, y tampoco se indagará sobre los ingresos del hogar, la vacunación contra el coronavirus, el correo electrónico o el número de teléfono.
Los resultados se conocerán en distintas etapas: en las horas posteriores al día del censo, se anunciarán los primeros datos provisorios con el total de las viviendas y de la población por sexo contabilizada, y otros básicos preliminares se difundirán 30 días después del relevamiento censal.
En tanto, los resultados básicos definitivos se conocerán ocho meses después del 18 de mayo, y los ampliados definitivos, 13 meses más tarde.
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