La Justicia federal de Bariloche hizo lugar a una acción de amparo y ordenó al Poder Ejecutivo a que en 60 días, desde el momento en que quede firme la sentencia, se le entreguen títulos de tierra gratuitamente a la comunidad mapuche Millalonco Ranquehue, a través del Instituto Nacional de Asuntos Indígenas.El predio a entregar está ubicado en la zona de la ruta provincial 82, entre Virgen de las Nieves y Villa Los Coihues, que ya fue reconocido como de los Ranquehue por el Estado Nacional mediante una resolución del INAI del 2012. El fallo, que ordena también al Estado a pagar los honorarios del proceso, fue firmado por la jueza federal de Bariloche Silvina Domínguez y abre la puerta a que otras comunidades reclamen que se activen la entrega de las tierras que reclaman.
La presentación se hizo contra el Poder Ejecutivo Nacional (Ministerio de Defensa, Ministerio de Justicia y Derechos Humanos, Secretaría de Derechos Humanos y Pluralismo Cultural, Instituto Nacional de Asuntos Indígenas) y contra el Congreso de la Nación Argentina, para que se instrumente el reconocimiento definitivo e incondicional de la propiedad comunitaria mensurada como de ocupación tradicional.
“Considero que resulta razonable que tal como lo preveía el proyecto de ley del año 2002, el INAI atienda el otorgamiento de los títulos de propiedad comunitaria a través de la Escribanía General de Gobierno de la Nación”, sostuvo el fallo al que accedió Infobae. Debe ser “el Estado Nacional – Poder Ejecutivo Nacional – Instituto Nacional de Asuntos Indígenas (INAI) el obligado al cumplimiento de la sentencia”.:quality(85)/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/infobae/75SIVZUHDFHJLMLBL6EOBLCMPQ.jpg%20420w)
El Estado argentino deberá entregarle las tierras a los mapuches
La causa comenzó a fines del 2020. En la demanda, se sostuvo que “la pertenencia de la Comunidad Millalonco Ranquehue al pueblo mapuche se encuentra sobradamente comprobada en múltiples informes e instrumentos obrantes en la carpeta técnica ley 26.160, y que la mensura del territorio de ocupación tradicional de la Comunidad fue presentada por el agrimensor Braeckman al INAI en el mes de abril de 2011, pero que sin embargo a la fecha, la mensura no ha sido registrada por el Estado, ni se le ha otorgado a la Comunidad un título de propiedad comunitaria”.
Fue por eso que solicitaron “la inmediata transferencia directa a la Comunidad conforme el mecanismo descripto en el art. 8 de la ley 23.302, que faculta al Poder Ejecutivo Nacional a disponer la transferencia de las tierras fiscales de propiedad de la Nación al INAI para su adjudicación y entrega de los títulos respectivos a las comunidades indígenas que las habitan”.
En el marco de la tramitación del amparo, tanto el Congreso como el Estado Nacional -a través del Ministerio de Defensa- rechazaron el planteo. Lo mismo hizo el Instituto Nacional de Asuntos Indígenas (INAI).:quality(85)/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/infobae/KABND536LZFFZPGODPNXTYHQHE.jpg%20420w)
Imagenes de la comunidad mapuche Lafken Winkul Mapu Bariloche tras la muerte de Rafael Nahuel (archivo)
Según el fallo, la discusión se centra en el artículo 75 inciso 17 de la Constitución Nacional, el texto de la ley 23.302, como así también el Convenio Nº 169 de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT), aprobado por la ley 24.071, entre otras, en donde se reconoce la preexistencia étnica y cultural de los pueblos indígenas argentinos.
“Teniendo en consideración los fundamentos a los que se ha hecho referencia a lo largo de esta sentencia, entiendo que la cláusula Constitucional del articulo 75 inc. 17 resulta plenamente operativa, y que el Instituto Nacional de Asuntos Indígenas se encuentra facultado, a través de los mecanismos previstos en el art. 8º de la ley 23.302, para concluir con la inscripción de la propiedad comunitaria de las tierras que posee la comunidad mapuche Millalonco Ranquehue”, dice el fallo.
“Tampoco abrigo dudas en punto a que el Poder Ejecutivo Nacional tiene las facultades que le otorga el art. 99 inc. 2) de la Carta Magna, la cláusula Constitucional del art. 75 inc. 17) que resulta operativa y tiene los medios jurídicos correspondientes para disponer la adjudicación en propiedad comunitaria de las tierras cuya mensura ha sido aprobada por la autoridad de aplicación (INAI), a través de los mecanismos previstos en el art. 8° de la ley 23.302″, se añadió.
En ese sentido, la jueza hizo lugar a la demanda incoada por la Comunidad Mapuche Millalonco Ranquehue y, en consecuencia, ordenar al Poder Ejecutivo Nacional a que en el término de 60 días –a partir de que quede firme esta sentencia-, transfiera a título gratuito, al Instituto Nacional de Asuntos Indígenas, el dominio de las tierras cuya mensura fue aprobada por Resolución N° 1174 del INAI, a los efectos de su adjudicación —en forma inmediata—, en propiedad a la Comunidad accionante. Ello, en los términos del art. 8° de la ley 23.302 y conforme los considerandos del presente decisorio. El segundo punto del fallo impone pagar “las costas en el orden causado conforme los fundamentos del considerando VII de este decisorio y regulando en forma conjunta los honorarios de los Dres. Matías Schraer y Fernando Kosovsky en su calidad de letrados patrocinantes de la parte actora”.
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