El río Paraná creció en su altura en varios puertos de Entre Ríos durante los últimos días, se mantiene por encima de los niveles registrados en 2020 y 2021 y se espera que siga con esta tendencia para los primeros días de marzo, pero aún por debajo de sus niveles normales y de aguas bajas, informó el Instituto Nacional del Agua (INA).
Se trata de una «mejoría en la perspectiva meteorológica y los caudales previstos desde la cuenca alta» que provocó un crecimiento de la altura del río, aunque siempre «dentro del rango de aguas bajas», señaló el organismo.
Foto: Marcelo Manera / AFP
El pasado domingo, la Central Hidroeléctrica Itaipú abrió en simultáneo dos de las tres canaletas de su vertedero, algo que no ocurría desde marzo de 2016, y se prevé que continúe vertiendo agua los próximos días.
La entidad binacional argumentó esta decisión en las intensas precipitaciones registradas aguas arriba en el Paraná y ante la crecida del río, por lo que ambas canaletas vertieron 12 millones de litros de agua por segundo, ocho veces el caudal promedio de las Cataratas del Iguazú.
La bajante en la Mesopotamia
La bajante es la «más larga de la historia» (desde 1884) y de características extraordinarias por su «magnitud y persistencia», advirtió el INA, y no tiene un final ni retorno definitivo a la normalidad debido a las condiciones climáticas para los próximos meses.
A ello se le suma una sequía calificada como «histórica» y «la peor de los últimos 60 años según los registros provinciales», con efectos «devastadores»; y pocas o nulas lluvias en todo el territorio entrerriano desde 2021.
En Paraná, capital provincial, el río se mantiene hoy en 2,15 metros, más cerca del nivel de aguas bajas (2,30) pero aún menor a su altura promedio en febrero (3,74 metros).
En el noroeste entrerriano, en La Paz, el río Paraná llegó a 3,50 metros de altura hoy, superó su límite de aguas bajas (3,20 metros) aunque se mantiene por debajo de los 4,59 que la Prefectura Naval Argentina (PNA) registró como promedio este mes entre 1996 y 2021.
Donde también se registró una crecida fue en el puerto de Diamante, más al sur de la costa entrerriana, con un nivel de 2,30 centímetros, por debajo de los 2,40 metros del límite de aguas bajas y del promedio histórico de 3,96 de los últimos 25 meses de febrero.
Por otro lado, en Victoria, el río Paraná se encuentra con 2,68 metros, y al igual que el resto de la costa, se mantiene cerca de sus medidas que alertan las aguas bajas (2,60), y detrás de lo registrado como promedio para este mes (4 metros).
Además, el INA prevé una mejora para las próximas semanas, llegando a 2,58 metros en Paraná a principios de marzo; 3,72 en La Paz; 3,04 metros en el puerto de Diamante; y 3,69 metros en Victoria, unos 80 kilómetros más al sur.
Foto: AFP
Las consecuencias
La bajante histórica tuvo su inicio en marzo de 2020, un año más tarde tuvo una tendencia alcista sin alcanzar su normalidad, pero volvió a caer a fines del 2021, y provocó notorios cambios en la vida ambiental, económica, productiva y social entrerriana.
Se vio afectada la fauna íctica al dejar seco el valle de inundación (donde los peces se refugian, alimentan, reproducen y crecen); produjo inconvenientes en el riego de cultivos y complicó las producciones industriales y cadenas alimenticias que necesitan captar agua.
También acrecentó los problemas de incendios en las islas y los de contaminación del agua, ya que se redujo la capacidad de dilución de los afluentes crudos o industriales.
La no influencia del río en los arroyos y cursos de agua de la provincia afectó el riego de los cultivos, generando plantas de menor tamaño, demoras en la fertilización nitrogenada, un retraso en el crecimiento, e incluso pérdidas parciales y totales.
La producción de animales, con ventas anticipadas de animales y una caída en la condición corporal del ganado, y sectores derivados como el lechero se sumaron a las economías perjudicadas.
Fuente: TiempoAr
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