
El presidente de Brasil, Jair Bolsonaro, subió un video a sus redes sociales en el que denuncia que Bolivia redujo en un 30% el gas que le vende a Brasil para priorizar la provisión a la Argentina. “Parece orquestado”, repitió. Sus dichos se dan en un contexto de negociación con los dos países vecinos para asegurar la energía en el invierno, un tema sensible debido al incremento de los precios internacionales y la reducción de la oferta mundial por la invasión rusa a Ucrania.
“Bolivia cortó 30% nuestro gas para entregarlo a la Argentina. ¿Cómo actuó Petrobras en este asunto? Parece que está todo orquestado. Si hay que comprar el gas en otro lugar es cinco veces más caro. ¿Quién va a pagar la cuenta? ¿Quién va a ser responsable? Es un negocio que me parece orquestado para favorecer ya saben a quién”, dijo Bolsonaro.
Si bien no explicitó a quien beneficiaría, se dio por entendido de que la persona en cuestión sería el expresidente y opositor a su gobierno Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, con quien competirá en elecciones el 2 de octubre próximo.
De acuerdo con sus dichos, en el plan para perjudicarlo también estaría involucrada la cúpula de la empresa estatal Petrobras, con la que está en conflicto por el aumento de los precios de los combustibles. Bolsonaro acusa a Petrobras de no frenar las subas presionada por los accionistas internacionales. El video fue grabado, justamente, poco antes de decidir el segundo cambio en la presidencia de la compañía en 40 días, algo que ocurrió ayer.
Hace casi dos meses, Martín Guzmán, ministro de Economía, viajó a Brasil para reunirse con sus pares y avanzar en las gestiones para que Brasil ceda una parte de su compra a Bolivia a favor de la Argentina, debido a que tendría mejor abastecimiento este año a través de las represas hidráulicas.
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A través de una comunicación oficial, Guzmán aseguró que las conversaciones habían sido exitosas y que Brasil iba a “garantizar la seguridad energética en la Argentina en invierno”. “Lo que logramos con Brasil y Bolivia le da a la Argentina mayor certeza y tranquilidad en el campo energético”, enfatizó Guzmán al terminar la reunión bilateral, que, según aseguró, fue “excelente por la agenda de integración que marca hacia delante para nuestros países”.
Ante la consulta de LA NACION, confirmaron desde el Gobierno que Bolivia no aumentó los despachos de gas al país. Además, no habría infraestructura para transportar todos los metros cúbicos de gas que implica un recorte del 30% de las exportaciones a Brasil. Incluso, Ieasa, la empresa estatal que se encarga de la importación de gas, adquirió recientemente 15 buques más de GNL para garantizar el abastecimiento.
Es trasfondo de las negociaciones
En los últimos meses, el Gobierno pidió auxilio a sus vecinos y armó una agenda internacional cargada para asegurarse algunos millones de metros cúbicos de gas adicionales para el invierno. En particular, inició negociaciones con Chile, Bolivia y Brasil -y se abrió una trama de reproches a los amigos y no tan amigos, con promesas a futuro-.
El acuerdo de provisión, firmado con Bolivia en 2006, explicitaba que el país vecino debía enviar cerca de 14 millones de metros cúbicos por día. Este año, advirtieron que no podrían cumplir ni siquiera con 10 millones porque sus yacimientos se encuentran en declive y porque tiene otros compromisos -con mejores precios- que cumplir, como los de Brasil.Default Mono Sans Mono Serif Sans Serif Comic Fancy Small CapsDefault X-Small Small Medium Large X-Large XX-LargeDefault Outline Dark Outline Light Outline Dark Bold Outline Light Bold Shadow Dark Shadow Light Shadow Dark Bold Shadow Light BoldDefault Black Silver Gray White Maroon Red Purple Fuchsia Green Lime Olive Yellow Navy Blue Teal Aqua OrangeDefault 100% 75% 50% 25% 0%Default Black Silver Gray White Maroon Red Purple Fuchsia Green Lime Olive Yellow Navy Blue Teal Aqua OrangeDefault 100% 75% 50% 25% 0%Bolsonaro habla cerca de su relación con Bolivia por el gas
Ante esa alarma, la Argentina decidió incluir a Jair Bolsonaro en la conversación del gas con un reproche: “Nosotros los ayudamos el año pasado cuando necesitaban gas. Ahora, les toca ayudarnos a nosotros”, deslizó una fuente oficial.
En 2021, Brasil tuvo la peor sequía en 91 años, que redujo la producción de energía a partir de las centrales hidroeléctricas. La Argentina “salió al rescate” de Brasil y aumentó sus exportaciones de energía.
Daniel Scioli, exgobernador de la provincia de Buenos Aires y actual embajador en Brasil, adquirió protagonismo en las negociaciones y gestionó las reuniones de Guzmán en su visita. “Objetivo cumplido”, dijo luego de los encuentros. “Que Brasil garantice la seguridad energética argentina enviando electricidad en la medida que lo necesite entre mayo y septiembre es un objetivo cumplido para el trabajo coordinado que desde la embajada venimos realizando junto con el ministro Guzmán frente a las autoridades brasileras”, puntualizó.
Luego, en una visita a la Argentina a principios de abril, el presidente boliviano Luis Arce se comprometió a mantener los volúmenes del año pasado e incluso a enviar más si dieran las condiciones (que tenga producción y que Brasil no lo necesite). Según pudo saber LA NACION en su momento de fuentes oficiales cercanas a la negociación, Bolivia entregará en el invierno (en el pico de demanda) 14 millones de metros cúbicos diarios (m3/d), el mismo volumen que en 2021.
Sin embargo, habrá dos precios escalonados. Por los primeros 10 millones de m3/d, se pagarán entre US$8 y US$9 el millón de BTU (medida inglesa que se utiliza en el sector), mientras que por los 4 millones restantes, el precio se duplica y podría alcanzar los US$18.
Adicionalmente, Bolivia le dará prioridad a la Argentina para entregar 4 millones de gas extra y alcanzar un volumen de 18 millones, si Brasil no los necesita, a un precio también de US$18.
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