El presidente Alberto Fernández reincorporó a diez marinos que habían sido dados de baja por participar de la rebelión en la ESMA en 1972 para apoyar el regreso del general Perón al país
El presidente Alberto Fernández decretó la reincoporación de diez marinos que habían sido dados de baja de la fuerza tras participar en 1972 de la sublevación en la entonces Escuela Mecánica de la Armada (ESMA) contra la dictadura de Alejandro Lanusse y apoyar el retorno del general Juan Domingo Perón desde el exilio.
A través del decreto 125/2022, publicado hoy en el Boletín Oficial, el mandatario y el ministro de Defensa, Jorge Taiana, promocionaron a un grupo de ex cabos que intervinieron en el levantamiento durante el 17 de noviembre de 1972. Los hombres de armas habían sido desplazados y echados de la Armada Argentina por esa resistencia política, con la imputación de cargos penales y otras infracciones.
Con la medida dictada este martes, ya son 22 los marinos que obtuvieron una reivindicación oficial por acompañar el retorno de Perón y no colaborar con el régimen de facto de la “Revolución Argentina”. De esta manera se “cierra un ciclo” de reconocimientos iniciado en el año 2005 durante la gestión de Néstor Kirchner, indicaron fuentes oficiales del Ministerio de Defensa.
Desde hoy, Víctor Adolfo Mounet, Héctor Dionisio Galván, Pedro Eusebio Fontanetto, Walter Orlando Burgos, Andrés Ruiz, Herminio Fiore, Alberto José Bazán, Juan José Galván, Amado Enrique López y Marcos Domingo Luna fueron reincorporados a las FFAA y quedarán bajo la condición de retiro obligatorio, con el derecho a cobrar una pensión al 100% de una cifra estimada de 69.000 pesos.
Además, todos ellos recibieron una promoción en dos grados y ascendieron a la categoría de cabo principal.
Las gestiones kirchneristas ya habían emitido órdenes de estas características que benefician a aquellos que se levantaron en armas durante el gobierno de facto de Lanusse. El primer reconocimiento se produjo durante la gestión de Néstor Kirchner, cuando reincorporó a cuatro de los promotores de la sublevación: Aníbal Acosta, Ricardo Luis Hirsch, Julio César Urien y Mario Actis.
El caso fue presentado como los militares “democráticos” que se opusieron al terrorismo de Estado y que no eligieron el camino del represor Alfredo Astiz, el jefe de la Armada que perteneció a su misma camada. Según sus testimonios, se pretendía crear con ellos un “grupo de tareas que anticipaba la represión que se dio con posterioridad”.
Urien -quien se hizo conocido recientemente por su participación en las marchas al Lago Escondido en Neuquén- fue uno de los rostros visibles de un reclamo que lleva más de cuatro décadas. Como otros marinos que se rebelaron, Urien estuvo preso en los años setenta hasta que se decretó la Ley de Amnistía durante el mandato de Héctor Cámpora, dictada el 25 de mayo de 1973. Por entonces, los sublevados recuperaron sus cargos, aunque no les indicaron un destino.
Tras la muerte de Perón, su sucesora en el poder, María Estela Martínez de Perón, dispuso un decreto que dio la baja obligatoria de todos sublevados. En ese contexto de inestabilidad y convulsión, Urien volvió a ser apresado. Estuvo en cárcel hasta 1983, cuando se recuperó la democracia. Otros camaradas, como Mario Galli y Juan Domingo Tejerino, fueron detenidos-desaparecidos durante la represión.:quality(85)/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/infobae/HGOJB23KHJALPDGM7L6AVSKKDI.jpg%20420w)
Julio César Urien, uno de los marinos que se rebeló en la ESMA en 1972 y que impulsó el reconocimiento de su estatus militar
Las peticiones ante la Justicia argentina de este grupo de compañeros de armas por los salarios caídos tuvieron un camino sinuoso, con fallos adversos durante el gobierno de Carlos Saúl Menem. Los argumentos en contra apuntaban a la prescripción de la causa. En ese marco, los litigantes decidieron recurrir ante la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (CIDH) en 1996.
Casi una década después de esos planteos, el entonces presidente Néstor Kirchner inició un proceso de reconocimiento de estos militares en el Salón Blanco de la Casa Rosada en el año 2005. Lo hizo frente al Estado Mayor de las FFAA. Tres años después, en octubre de 2008, otro decreto de Cristina Fernández de Kirchner reivindicó con similar criterio a ocho cabos segundos. Este último decreto abarcó a la situación Eduardo Berruet, Edgardo Lioi, José Aredes, Rubén Moschini, Mario Romano, Julio César Albornoz, Fidel Rodríguez y Sergio Polidori.
La camada de los diez cabos que se reincorporaron este martes a la Armada se produjo ante la petición de que se apliquen las mismas condiciones en las medidas de reparación ya implementadas en los anteriores decretos 1404/05 y 1499/10. El cómputo de las pensiones empezará a regir desde el 7 de abril de 2011 para la mayoría de ellos, mientras que para Marcos Luna se aplicará desde mayo de 2012.
Se calcula que unos 60 marinos fueron detenidos durante el levantamiento en la ESMA en 1972. El incidente coincidió en un clima convulso en el que la militancia peronista había lanzado el “Operativo Retorno” con las consignas “Luche y Vuelve”. Buscaban propiciar el regreso del exilio de Perón desde España y poner fin a la proscripción electoral del justicialismo.
En la noche anterior a la icónica vuelta del general Perón, un nutrido grupo de guardiamarinas y suboficiales de la ESMA desconocieron las jerarquías y salieron armados camino a Ezeiza para recibir al máximo líder del PJ para integrarse a las columnas de Montoneros. Durante la maniobra, el cabo Juan Luis Contreras, que no participaba del levantamiento, murió. Pero la insurrección fue desbaratada. Rodeado por tanques, el grupo fue interceptado en la madrugada en Lomas de Zamora. Un espía de la Aeronáutica había revelado la operación.
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