El Gordo Valor: mitos y verdades del ladrón más famoso de Argentina
Responsable de casi 50 robos, Luis Alberto Valor es liberado tras pasar la mitad de su vida en prisión
Luis Alberto Valor mira por una ventana del penal de Urdampilleta, en enero de 2018.
Luis Alberto Valor dice haber visto más de 10 veces el final de Scarface. La escena que lo fascina es cuando el narcotraficante Tony Montana dispara como un poseso su M16 lanzagranadas y las balas de sus verdugos parecen rebotarle. Valor jura que en 1987 vivió algo parecido al personaje de Al Pacino. El jueves pasado fue liberado por la Justicia argentina de la cárcel de Urdampilleta, a poco más de 340 kilómetros de Buenos Aires. Cuando llegó a su casa buscó esa película para volver a verla.
Aquel día en que se sintió Montana, regresaba de robar a punta de fusil 300 mil dólares de un camión de caudales. Lo seguían tres coches de la policía. A mitad de camino, Valor chocó contra un árbol y quedó frente a un imaginario pelotón de fusilamiento formado por policías de mirada rabiosa pero, al parecer, pésima puntería. El delincuente, que tenía puesto un chaleco antibalas, se tiró debajo del asiento trasero del auto. Se defendió como pudo. Las balas lo rozaban. Lo tranquilizaba saber que tenía chalecos antibalas. Salió como pudo y se ocultó detrás de un árbol. Fingió quedarse sin balas, algo que solía hacer cuando debía tirotearse con sus enemigos. Pero cuando estaba por disparar, lo hirieron en la pierna izquierda. Como pudo, volvió a refugiarse en el árbol. Hasta que se quedó sin balas, de verdad, y se rindió. Antes recibió un balazo que le atravesó la mano derecha.
“Fue un concierto de tiros, las balas llovían pero yo seguía vivo”, escribió Valor con esa mano –a la que le quedó una gran cicatriz– en el libro que saldrá en septiembre sobre su vida. El día que se salvó de milagro está en uno de los capítulos. Los peritos contaron más de 200 impactos de bala en el auto que conducía Valor y en la corteza del árbol.
El Gordo Valor, como se lo conoce en el mundo del hampa, tiene 64 años. En los años ochenta y noventa robó 24 bancos y 19 camiones blindados. Pasó 33 años preso. Fue el líder de un grupo criminal llamado la Superbanda, integrado hasta por 30 delincuentes que se movían en una estructura celular. Muchos de ellos no se conocían y cometían golpes en forma simultánea: robaban fábricas, financieras, empresas, bancos y blindados. Terminaban fugitivos, presos o muertos.
Los atracos duraban menos de cuatro minutos. Valor y sus secuaces cruzaban un auto en el camino del blindado (en general en rutas alejadas), se bajaban, apuntaban con sus armas largas al conductor y a los custodios y se llevaban el dinero. Hacían inteligencia previa para saber los movimientos de los camiones (antes no llevaban control satelital) y una vez simularon jugar un partido de fútbol en un descampado cercano a la industria donde debía ir el camión con el dinero.
“Cuando apareció el blindado, dejamos la pelota y nos fuimos armados y con las camisetas puestas. Yo tenía la de Boca. Como nos salió bien, lo repetimos a los pocos días en el mismo lugar. Siempre robé con ansias. Nací ladrón, pero estoy retirado. Un hombre viejo como yo con un arma en la mano es muy decrépito”, dice Valor a EL PAÍS. Está en su casa acompañado de su esposa Nancy. Ofrece café con medialunas. En un momento va hacia su habitación y trae una katana, la desenfunda y bromea: “El fusil quedó en el pasado”. Luego aclara que esa espada se la regaló un amigo ladrón que murió hace 15 años en una emboscada policial.
De padre a hijo
R.P.
En los bajos fondos hay una especie de tradición no escrita: los hijos de los ladrones se convierten en ladrones. Los padres les trasladan el oficio a hijos, sobrinos y nietos, como suele ocurrir con los artistas de circo.
Valor tiene tres hijos: Silvina, Fernando y Mario. Ella tiene un trabajo decente, pero sus dos hermanos se dedicaron a cometer robos. No tan grandes como los de su padre. Los dos, en distintos años, fueron detenidos por asaltos a mercados y tenencia de droga. «Lamento que hayan seguido mis pasos, es lo peor que pueden hacer. No soy ejemplo de nada», dijo Valor. También tiene dos sobrinos que se dedican al delito.
Valor cometió su primer delito a los 15 años: robó un auto. “Dedicate a estudiar y trabajar”, le decían su madre Rosa, ama de casa, y su padre Cirilo, tornero. Pero no les obedeció. Con el tiempo se hizo militante de la Juventud Peronista, una agrupación política. Se dedicaba a robar autos y armas y se hizo amigo de jóvenes de la guerrilla. Pero como muchos de sus compañeros comenzaron a desaparecer o ser asesinados en la dictadura militar de 1976, se abrió de ese camino. “Me hice ladrón común y en ese acto salvé mi vida”, recuerda.
Papá Noel
Antes de salir a robar, Valor saludaba con un beso a sus tres hijos y se iba cargado con bolsos. Volvía una o dos semanas después, cansado y con barba, como un marino que vuelve de los días intensos de altamar. Sus hijos le decían Papá Noel porque les regalaba billetes de cincuenta dólares para que se compraran juguetes. No sabían cuál era el oficio de su padre. Creían que era camionero o viajante. Valor nunca contaba que iba a robar. En esa época le gustaban las joyas y la platería. Tenía anillos de oro, artesanías y un cristo de madera en una plataforma engarzada en oro.
El mito dice que solía cerrar burdeles para él y sus amigos, que salió con un par de artistas famosas y que compró casinos y hoteles cinco estrellas en varias provincias y los puso a nombre de un testaferro. Pero él lo desmiente. “La fama es puro cuento”, dice Valor. Le gusta parafrasear a la milonga que lleva ese título.
“Robábamos cinco blindados por mes. La Superbanda respetaba los códigos de la calle y la vida de la gente. No mataba, no violaba, no secuestraba. No le afanábamos a un pobre. Robamos mucho dinero: teníamos para vivir en un cinco estrellas, pero lo hacíamos en un fitito [un Fiat 600] bajo el puente. Había que vivir oculto o escapando, siempre al acecho para el próximo golpe“, cuenta Valor .
“La plata con sangre no sirve”, era la frase de cabecera de la banda. Cuando uno de ellos caía preso o era abatido por la policía, los que estaban vivos o libres se comprometían a llevarle dinero a la familia del compañero caído en desgracia.
La fuga
El 16 de septiembre de 1994, Valor vivió otro hito en su carrera delictiva: se fugó de la cárcel de Devoto, en Buenos Aires, junto a cuatro cómplices. A los tiros y disfrazados de guardias y médicos. Saltaron un muro con sábanas anudadas y escaparon en auto. Una semana antes, una vidente le había dicho a su esposa Nancy: “Su marido saldrá libre”. Contra Valor pesaba una condena de 25 años.
Tras la huida, Valor estuvo prófugo 244 días. No pasó más de dos noches seguidas en un mismo lugar. Más de 300 policías lo buscaban por todo el país y su afiche con oferta de recompensa (300 mil dólares) rezaba: “Enemigo Público Número 1”.
Lo detuvieron cuando pasaba la noche en un refugio de General Rodríguez, una ciudad situada a 55 kilómetros de Buenos Aires. “Entregate, Valor”, le ordenó un policía. El Gordo se entregó sin disparar. El motivo: a su lado estaba su esposa. Desde entonces pasó sus días en prisión. “Hoy robar como robaba yo es imposible, la tecnología mató al ladrón”, dice.
En su época de apogeo criminal, cuando invertía en grandes negocios y en su casa había escondites con gruesos fajos de billetes de cien de dólares, Valor soñaba con abrir una cadena de bares que llevara su nombre. Registró la marca y por entonces tenía un representante. A Valor lo animaba saber que en varios países los restaurantes llamados Al Capone o Lucky Luciano, los reyes de la mafia en los Estados Unidos de los años 20, se habían convertido en la atracción de comensales y curiosos. Se imaginaba vestido con traje negro, sentado a una mesa del fondo, con un vaso de Martini en la mano derecha, un habano en la mano izquierda, rodeado de retratos de Marlon Brando en El Padrino, de Maradona y del Pibe Cabeza, un bandido argentino legendario acribillado por la policía el 9 de febrero de 1937.
Además, estuvo a punto de autorizar la venta de ropa con su nombre, muñequitos con su forma y de crear la página www.superbanda.com.ar. Pero todo quedó en la nada.
Ahora que está libre quiere dar charlas a los jóvenes detenidos para que se alejen del delito. Además, presentará el libro que escribió mientras estuvo preso, que llevara el prólogo del músico Andrés Calamaro, a quien Valor admira. “Tengo mucho respeto por los bandidos“, escribe Calamaro. “Tenaces, atrevidos, arriesgados, valientes aún amigos de lo ajeno. Valor es nuestro bandido argentino. Robó blindados y puede contarlo, sobrevivió a tiroteos y nunca mató a nadie. En su cuerpo quedan cinco balas que podrían haber matado a cualquiera, pero el plomo pareciera haberse rendido ante su mito. Y en lugar de acribillarlo, se quedó en su cuerpo, fusionado en ese cuerpo de carne y acero que ahora huele a libertad”.
Valor le pidió a Calamaro que lo invitará a su casa a comer un asado. Es un hombre duro, curtido por lo años y las caídas, pero cuando vuelve a leer ese prólogo –que es capaz de decir de memoria– se emociona. Los ladrones también lloran.
Nota publicada por ElPais en Julio de 2018
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