Cómo sería un ataque nuclear como el de Nagasaki en el Centro de Posadas: una web simula las consecuencias
A una semana de la invasión de Rusia en Ucrania que desató una crisis internacional, ya con un millón de personas las que se escaparon del territorio atacado, el presidente ruso Vladímir Putin anunció una orden de alerta a sus fuerzas de disuasión, lo que fue interpretado como una amenaza entre líneas.
Aunque Putin no mencionó la palabra «nuclear», las búsquedas de un «ataque nuclear» se dispararon en Google durante los últimos días y los especialistas de países vecinos alertan que Rusia «podría detonar una pequeña bomba nuclear táctica», con daños «controlados».
Apenas cinco países tienen bombas nucleares: Estados Unidos, Reino Unido, Francia, China y Rusia, que además es el país que tiene mayor cantidad de ojivas nucleares, por lo que circulan también consejos sobre qué hacer en caso de que se produzca un ataque nuclear.
En medio del debate, un historiador de la ciencia en el Instituto de Tecnología Stevens que estudia la historia de las armas nucleares, Alex Wellerstein, diseño el sitio Nukemap, mediante el cual se pueden simular las consecuencias que podría causar una bomba ubicada en la localidad que se seleccione.
Fat Man (en español: Hombre Gordo, en japonés: ファットマン Fattoman?) fue el nombre clave utilizado para el dispositivo nuclear que fue detonado en la ciudad de Nagasaki en Japón por los Estados Unidos el jueves 9 de agosto de 1945. Históricamente fue el tercer dispositivo nuclear en ser detonado luego de la prueba Trinity y de Little Boy, la bomba lanzada sobre Hiroshima. Es también el segundo y, hasta ahora, último dispositivo nuclear utilizado en un ataque contra la población civil.1
El arma fue lanzada desde el bombardero B-29 Bockscar, pilotado por el Comandante Charles Sweeney.2 A pesar de tener casi el doble de potencia que Little Boy lanzada en Hiroshima tres días antes, la extensión del daño fue menor debido a la topografía de Nagasaki, sin embargo se estima que 40 000 personas murieron en este ataque y otras 25 000 fueron heridas, y varios miles morirían después debido a heridas relacionadas, envenenamiento y radiación residual.3
Guerra Rusia- Ucrania: consecuencias de un ataque nuclear
Las consecuencias de un ataque nuclear serían devastadoras, dejando millones de víctimas mortales. Los ejemplos son:
- Bomba de Hiroshima y Nagasaki, en 1945: fallecieron 225.000 personas y 130.000 resultaron heridas.
- Cambio climático: la temperatura global se reduciría 2,5 grados en los cuatro años posteriores. Aceleración de la destrucción de la capa de ozono entre un 20 y 25%; con poca protección al sol, como consecuencia aparecerían enfermedades respiratorias y de piel.
- Tierra quedaría sumergida en una especia de noche permanente, según explica ACNUR, y también habría una drástica crisis alimentaria por la falta de cultivos por la muerte de la vegetación, y gran parte del suelo estaría destruido por la explosión nuclear.
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