A contramano del ingreso universal, el Gobierno subsidia a empresas para generar empleo formal
El Ministerio de Trabajo lanzó Fomentar Empleo, un programa que incluye cursos, capacitaciones remuneradas e inserción laboral. Tendrá incentivos por hasta $25.000 por trabajador, y las compañías que sumen personas tendrán reducción de impuestos y subsidios en los salarios. Aseguran que un salario universal podría «desincentivar» el trabajo registrado.
A contramano de la propuesta de un sector de la coalición de Gobierno de avanzar con un salario universal, el Ministerio de Trabajo invierte u$s 500 millones y lanza el Fomentar Empleo, un programa apuntado a que trabajadores desocupados o informales consigan un empleo formal. Tendrá incentivos por hasta $25.000 por persona, subsidios al salario para las empresas y baja de impuestos para quienes contraten a través del plan oficial, que busca llegar a 350.000 personas en 2022.
En medio de las internas a cielo abierto dentro del Frente de Todos, el presidente Alberto Fernández empodera a su equipo económico. El Ministerio de Trabajo, que encabeza Claudio Moroni, lanzó esta semana el Fomentar Empleo, un plan que viene trabajando hace dos años para unificar todos los programas e incentivos que estaban dispersos. Implicará un gasto en los próximos cuatro años de u$s250 millones de un préstamo del Banco Mundial y otros u$s250 millones que pondrá el Tesoro.
Fomentar Empleo
El plan Fomentar Empleo, lanzado esta semana, está destinado a trabajadores de 18 a 64 años que no hayan tenido trabajo registrado en los últimos tres meses, salvo monotributistas sociales y empleadas de casas particulares. Todos los que formen parte del programa serán “portadores” de reducciones a las contribuciones patronales de hasta 95% en caso de ser contratados por una empresa.
“El incentivo para contratar a personas desocupadas se universaliza”, explicó Laila Brandy, jefa de gabinete de la Secretaría de Empleo, en diálogo con periodistas. El programa incluye tres prestaciones: servicios de orientación laboral, cursos de formación profesional y servicios de intermediación laboral. Para participar, los trabajadores deben registrarse en el Portal Empleo (www.portalempleo.gob.ar), cargar el CV y postularse en “programas de empleo”.
Hay prestaciones que forman parte del Fomentar Empleo que son remuneradas. En los cursos de formación profesional o en los de orientación laboral, la persona recibe $15.000 por mes, con un tope de seis liquidaciones por año. En los programas de entrenamiento para el trabajo, que son prácticas laborales en empresas por hasta seis meses, se paga hasta $23.000. Luego, en los programas de inserción laboral (PIL) en los que una empresa toma a un trabajador mediante el Portal Empleo, el Ministerio de Trabajo subsidia una parte del salario que paga la empresa, en un monto de hasta $25.000.
“Es una política activa, no una transferencia de ingresos”, destacó Brandy. Como las vacantes y el financiamiento es limitado, el Ministerio de Trabajo fijó una “población priorizada”. Estos son: jóvenes de 18-24 años sin secundario completo, mujeres de 18 a 59 con menores a cargo, varones de 45-64 años, personas de la diversidad sexual con X en el DNI, personas con discapacidad, y los participantes de otros planes sociales, como son el Potenciar Trabajo (Desarrollo Social), el Progresar (Educación) y Acompañar (Ministerio de la Mujer). “Los programas se pueden complementar, pero no se suman los beneficios”, aclaró Brandy.
Para este año, esperan llegar a 350.000 trabajadores, ya sea que realicen algún curso, pasantía o que se inserten en un empleo. En los próximos cuatro años, esperan llegar a 1,8 millones de personas. La considerada “población priorizada” son 3,6 millones de personas. El año pasado, a través del Portal Empleo se insertaron laboralmente 25.000 personas y realizaron entrenamiento para el trabajo otras 65.000, según datos oficiales.
Salario universal
El lanzamiento del plan Fomentar Empleo, que unifica todos los programas que tenía el Ministerio de Trabajo, y los relaciona con los planes que tienen las demás carteras, se da en el mismo momento que una parte de la coalición del FdT pide un salario universal para 9 millones de personas, a través del proyecto de ley que presentó el partido de Juan Grabois en el Congreso.
Dentro de la cartera que conduce Moroni están en contra de esta política. Consideran que antes debería darse un replanteo de todos los programas de protección social, y que podría funcionar como un “desincentivo” al trabajo registrado, con prestaciones por capacitarse en montos similares al ingreso universal. Inclusive, fuentes oficiales plantearon que son políticas que avala la “derecha internacional”, como el FMI: “Plantean estos ingresos porque dicen que el Estado no puede hacer nada; para nosotros es cristalizar un sistema de exclusión”, afirmaron desde el Ministerio de Trabajo.
Los programas de capacitación que se incluirán en el Fomentar Empleo estarán relacionados a las “demandas” de las provincias, explicó Leonardo Di Pietro, secretario de Empleo. Destacó que faltan puestos puntuales: conductores de maquinaria pesada para minería, especialistas para la instalación de los molinos que requerirá el proyecto de hidrógeno verde y hasta soldadores para el gasoducto. Las empresas beneficiadas con subsidios o bajas de impuestos aclaró que deberán cumplir con requisitos, como aumentar la plantilla de trabajadores y no haber tenido infracciones de registración laboral.
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