Malvinas, 40 años: el hundimiento del crucero “ARA General Belgrano”, un golpe tremendo para todos

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El crucero argentino había partido de Puerto Belgrano el 16 de abril, al mando del capitán Héctor Bonzo. Conocé todos los detalles en la nota.

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Suplemento especial a 40 años de la Guerra de Malvinas. El 2 de mayo de 1982, el submarino nuclear británico “HMS Conqueror” atacó con torpedos al crucero argentino “ARA General Belgrano” provocando el hundimiento del barco y la muerte de 323 efectivos argentinos. El ataque, que tuvo lugar fuera de la zona de exclusión determinada por el propio Reino Unido en torno a las Islas Malvinas, le puso punto final a cualquier posibilidad de solución negociada del conflicto.

Con semejante cantidad de bajas por un hecho que posteriormente hasta fue denunciado como crimen de guerra, las autoridades de facto argentinas ya no tenían espacio para sentarse a una mesa con representantes británicos. El crucero argentino había partido de Puerto Belgrano el 16 de abril, al mando del capitán Héctor Bonzo.

Su dotación fue conformada por oficiales, suboficiales, cabos, marineros, conscriptos y dos civiles, encargados de la cantina del buque, voluntarios en la misión. En total, 1.093 tripulantes. Tras haber patrullado la zona de la Isla de los Estados (Tierra del Fuego), fue al puerto de Ushuaia para reabastecerse y cambiar un lote de munición. El 24 de abril partió para reunirse con los destructores “Piedrabuena” y “Bouchard” y el petrolero de YPF “Puerto Rosales”. Se conformó así el Grupo de Tareas 79.3 que debía ubicarse a la espera de órdenes entre los meridianos de la Isla de los Estados y del Banco Burdwood. El 1° de mayo recibió directivas de carácter ofensivo.

Su grupo sería uno de los brazos en una maniobra de pinzas contra buques británicos desde el sur de Malvinas. Se preveía la entrada a la zona de exclusión a las 5.30 del día siguiente. Sin embargo, problemas en el portaaviones “25 de Mayo” (que sería el otro brazo del ataque) obligó primero a una postergación de la maniobra y luego a su cancelación, por lo que se le ordenó virar nuevamente con rumbo oeste, alejándose de la zona de exclusión. Sin embargo, el submarino “Conqueror” había detectado su posición y recibió la orden del gobierno de Margaret Thatcher de atacarlo. A las 16.02 le disparó el primero de tres misiles. Dos de ellos impactaron en el crucero argentino, y el tercero en el “Bouchard”, aunque no explotó.

Un dolor para todos en medio de la Guerra de Malvinas

Luego se determinaría que el primer impacto mató a 274 tripulantes. En poco menos de una hora, los graves daños provocaron el hundimiento del buque, aunque la mayoría de su tripulación ya lo había abandonado. En la continuidad de las acciones bélicas, el 4 de mayo, a modo de venganza por el ataque al “Belgrano”, aviones navales argentinos, equipados con misiles Exocet, hundieron al destructor inglés “Sheffield”.

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