Iluminar el camino del federalismo
En un nuevo aniversario de la gesta patriótica del 25 de mayo de 1810, los sueños inspiradores de la Revolución siguen inconclusos. El permanente rescate histórico y la reivindicación del federalismo olvidado por parte del Proyecto Misionerista interpela a los gobiernos nacionales que lucen una visión marcadamente centralista, y demuestran que existe un país más allá del puerto de Buenos Aires.
(*) Por Nicolás Marchiori
Es difícil decir con precisión cuándo comienza la era de la Ilustración, o dónde. El término que se ha utilizado como sinónimo del “Siglo XVIII” es el del “Siglo de la Luces”. En una serie de obras, entre las que se destaca “La Ilustración radical”, el historiador británico especializado en el “Siglo de las Luces”, Jonathan Israel intenta demostrar que el período más “radical” del Iluminismo ya había comenzado a mediados del siglo XVII. Si concebimos a la Ilustración como un proyecto que en esencia consistió en usar la facultad de la razón para arrojar “luz” sobre el mundo circundante, tal vez veamos que su inicio tuvo lugar mucho antes. La frase “luz natural de la razón” ya aparece en las “Reglas para la dirección del espíritu”, publicadas por René Descartes en el año 1628.
Si hacemos un ejercicio de revisionismo histórico, podemos afirmar que el territorio de las Misiones siempre ha tenido gran relevancia en la historia del federalismo argentino. El antecedente más antiguo nos lleva a la redacción, de puño y letra del General Manuel Belgrano, de las bases del que se ha considerado el Primer Proyecto de Constitución del Río de la Plata, el cual culminó a finales de diciembre de 1810 en el Campamento de Tacuarí. Del trabajo llevado adelante por Belgrano resultó el Reglamento para Régimen Político y Administrativo y Reforma de los 30 Pueblos de las Misiones, reglamento que fue incorporado por Juan Bautista Alberdi como una de las bases de la Constitución Nacional.
Otro hito histórico se produjo cuando los Pueblos de las Misiones, bajo el mando del prócer Andresito Guaçurarí, se sumaron y fueron parte de la gran gesta federalista que por impulso de Gervasio Artigas dio origen a la Liga de los Pueblos Libres, también conocida como la Liga Federal, la cual tuvo su momento cúlmine el 29 de Junio de 1815 en el arroyo de la China (Concepción del Uruguay – Entre Ríos) cuando se desarrolló el Congreso de los Pueblos Libres, que tenía como finalidad alcanzar la organización política de las provincias federales, adoptando medidas económicas y comerciales.
Ahora bien, en honor a la verdad, la vigencia del federalismo a lo largo de la historia argentina no ha logrado pasar de ser más que una proclamación, que nunca pudo ser realmente efectivizada debido a las trabas impuestas por el poder central.
La realidad demuestra que las provincias argentinas no tienen poder, y el inorgánico poder que alguna vez pudieron haber ostentado, lo han perdido después de la Batalla de Pavón y de la brutal matanza de Cañada de Gómez, llevada adelante por los ejércitos lanzados sobre el interior del país en la “Guerra de Policía” pregonada por Bartolomé Mitre y Domingo Faustino Sarmiento y criticada fuertemente por Juan Bautista Alberdi.
* * *
Un sueño inconcluso
Con motivo del aniversario del 25 de Mayo, el Conductor de la Renovación Neo, Ing. Carlos Rovira compartió en sus redes sociales una publicación que rezaba la frase “25 de mayo de 1810. Un sueño inconcluso y eterno.” Acompañada de una fotografía de la bandera de Macha, que se encuentra en el Museo de la Libertad en Sucre, Bolivia. Se trata de la bandera más antigua que se conserva y que fue utilizada por el General Manuel Belgrano para identificar al ejército que bajo su mando llevó adelante la Campaña del Alto Perú.
Posteriormente, publicó una frase de Mariano Moreno uno de los grandes próceres de nuestra historia: “Si los pueblos no se ilustran, si no se vulgarizan sus derechos, si cada hombre no conoce lo que vale, lo que puede y lo que le deben, nuevas ilusiones sucederán a las antiguas, y después de cavilar algún tiempo entre mil incertidumbres, será tal vez su suerte mudar de tiranos sin destruir la tiranía”. Este fragmento del prólogo escrito de puño y letra por Moreno en la traducción de “El Contrato Social” de Jean-Jacques Rousseau resalta que, si los pueblos o las provincias no saben lo que valen, vivirán eternamente presos de la ilusión y lo único que lograrán cambiar será el nombre de quien los someta imponiendo ad eternum la lógica de un gobierno centralista y unitario responsable de seguir agigantando las históricas asimetrías con el interior profundo de la Argentina.
Carlos Rovira es un acérrimo defensor del federalismo negadosistemáticamente por el país central. En un encuentro de dirigentes renovadores realizado en 2021 en el Centro del Conocimiento expresó que “todo tiene que ver con todo, con esta realidad que hoy Misiones desde el fondo de la historia, una provincia lejana del país central ha venido pasando todas las vicisitudes de la historia, los planteos de la historia, los desafíos de la historia con el mismo temperamento. Nacimos rebeldes del Poder Central, pero no una rebeldía absurda y salvaje, sino una rebeldía arraigada en lo nuestro”, con estas expresiones el Conductor de la Renovación Neo daba cuenta de cómo el devenir histórico ha marcado la razón de ser del Misionerismo.
En aquel recordado encuentro reivindicó la figura de Gervasio Artigas, expresando que: “Artigas quería la unión, quería el verdadero federalismo, pero con una visión desde adentro, no el federalismo que conciben los porteños, el país central o las provincias centrales. Una visión realmente igualitaria.”
En otro de los pasajes más importantes de aquella alocución en donde realizó un repaso de la historia de los pueblos remarcó que “con las ideas estamos combatiendo. En paz, sin grieta, porque somos antigrieta, pero nuestras ideas forman parte de esos sueños inspiradores del Misionerismo.” Seguidamente, destacó enfáticamente que “para no quedar fijados a la historia y a nuestra silla, levantando la mano cuando los patrones de Buenos Aires de los partidos políticos piden que se vote tal o cual cosa. ¡No!, los representantes de Misiones y de nuestro espacio político están comprometidos a seguir y votar lo que indica el Pueblo de Misiones, como se ha hecho hasta aquí.”
A esta altura de la historia queda más que claro que el país central –impulsado por gobiernos nacionales que no miran al interior profundo de la Argentina– no puede seguir dilatando la solución a los problemas de fondo que generan profundas asimetrías y condenan a las provincias al abandono y la pobreza. La llegada del gas natural, la terminación de las autovías, la infraestructura en comunicación y conectividad, los fondos para viviendas y servicios básicos, entre otras cuestiones, son grandes deudas pendientes de la Nación para con Misiones que, cabe recordar, en un inentendible e injusto esquema de coparticipación la provincia se ubica como la decimonovena en materia de asignación de recursos, siendo la séptima aportante de recursos al Tesoro Nacional gracias a un modelo exitoso que supo fortalecer las bases de su matriz productiva y potenciar el desarrollo económico de todos los sectores.
La potencia de un reclamo unánime
Desde el año 1810, todos los 25 de mayo se realiza en nuestro país la celebración del Tedeum en agradecimiento por el surgimiento del Estado argentino, que proclamó su independencia de España en 1816.
En esta importante celebración religiosa, presidida por representantes de la Iglesia, tiene particular atención el mensaje que éstos dan a la sociedad durante su homilía. Generalmente se trata de un fuerte llamamiento a la clase política.
Este 25 de mayo, no fue uno más en la provincia de Misiones. En el marco del Tedeum realizado en la localidad de San Pedro con presencia del gobernador Herrera Ahuad, el gobernador electo Hugo Passalacqua y demás funcionarios provinciales, el Obispo de Iguazú Nicolás Baisi realizó una contundente defensa del federalismo en la Argentina al cuestionar certeramente la relación existente entre la Nación y las provincias.
El Obispo Baisi cuestionó duramente el destrato histórico que ha tenido el Gobierno Nacional con la Provincia de Misiones. Durante su homilía se preguntó “¿fue un buen negocio cambiar un tirano a nueve mil kilómetros por uno mucho más cercano, a unos mil?”
El religioso manifestó que la Patria no nació el 25 de mayo de 1810, porque ya había nacido 300 años antes y afirmó que esa versión de los hechos olvida los “300 años de historia guaraní y de gesta heroica en las tierras coloradas”.
Luego de señalar que el 25 de mayo de 1810 marcó “el fin de una forma de gestionar y administrar los intereses de los americanos, que no se hacían en su beneficio sino en el beneficio de una España lejana y decadente envuelta en guerras y penurias”, el Obispo se preguntó si fue realmente un buen negocio para las provincias cambiar un tirano por otro.
Lo expresado por el Obispo de Puerto Iguazú da cuenta de que el reclamo de un verdadero federalismo es mayoritario en la provincia de Misiones, donde hasta ahora y desde hace más de 20 años el Ing. Carlos Rovira, acompañado por los diferentes gobernadores del Frente Renovador de la Concordia, vienen impulsando el pedido de reconocimiento y reparación histórica de las asimetrías que padece la provincia. Reclamo que, a la luz de los resultados expresados en las urnas el 7 de mayo, se extiende a lo largo y ancho de Misiones.
Abogado. Diplomado en Manejo de Crisis y en Análisis de Procesos Electorales. Especializado en Comunicación de Gobierno y Electoral.
About The Author
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